Supported by AGHOSH UK
A Statistical Compendium

British Muslims in Numbers

DEMOGRAPHIC, EDUCATION, HEALTH & SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF MUSLIMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 20-YEAR TRENDS & REGIONAL VARIATIONS.

3,998,875 Total Population
6% of UK Population
+151% Growth since 2001

UK Muslim Population Growth

01

A Growing Community

The Muslim population has more than doubled in 20 years—from 1.6 million in 2001 to nearly 4 million in 2021.

+151% population growth
02

Geographic Distribution

1 in 3 British Muslims live in London. The West Midlands and North West are the next largest communities.

33% London
14.3% West Midlands
14.1% North West
03

A Young Population

The median age is just 29 years—15 years younger than the general population.

29 Muslim median age
44 UK median age
04

Diverse Heritage

British Muslims represent a rich tapestry of ethnic backgrounds from across the globe.

Asian 65.8% Black 10.7% Arab 7.4% White 5.9%
05

Housing Disparities

Significant gaps exist in housing outcomes, with higher overcrowding rates and lower homeownership.

46%
63%
Home ownership rate
06

Economic Progress

Muslim women's economic activity has seen remarkable growth, rising 37% over two decades (2001–2021).

30.9% → 42.3% Muslim women economically active
07

Educational Achievement

32.6% hold a degree (UK), at near-parity with the 33.6% average. In the 16-24 band, Muslims (21%) now exceed the average (19.4%). (England & Wales: 32.3% vs 33.8%.)

32.6%
08

Health Outcomes

85.4% report good health overall, but elderly women face disproportionate challenges.

⚠️ 29.9% of women 65+ report poor health vs 13% nationally
09

Key Takeaways

📈 Fastest growing faith community
👶 Young demographic (median 29)
🎓 Rising educational attainment
🏠 Housing gaps need attention

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👩‍💼

Gender Employment Progress (2001-2021)

+37% increase in Muslim women's economic activity

Muslim women's economic activity rose from 30.9% (2001) to 39.1% (2011) to 42.3% (2021) in England and Wales — significant progress, though still below the 56.2% national average.

📊

The Gap: Muslim vs National Average

⚠️

Prison Population: Overrepresentation

6%
of UK population
18.2%
of prison population
15,909 Muslim prisoners (March 2024)
53% of Muslim men are 29 or under (vs 34% of all men) — the youth profile behind the overrepresentation
96% of prison population is male

Muslims are nearly 3x overrepresented in the prison system. Youth demographics are a key factor.

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🏥

Bad Health, Women 65+, by Ethnic Group (England & Wales)

Key finding: Muslim women aged 65+ report bad health at more than double the overall rate (29.9% vs 13.1%). By ethnic group the rate is highest for Bangladeshi (37%) and lowest for African (12.6%) — these ethnic figures cover the whole population, not Muslims specifically.

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full report.

The 388-page MCB Census 2021 (2022 Scotland) Statistical Compendium covers demographic, education, health and socio-economic data across the four UK nations, with 20-year trends and regional variations. Available as two volumes.

Volume One cover
Volume One Demographics & Identity 180 pp · 12.3 MB
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Volume Two cover
Volume Two Mobility & Inequalities 208 pp · 25.6 MB
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Download the datasets used in this visualization

🗺️ Geographic Data CSV 👥 Demographics CSV 📊 Socio-Economic CSV 📈 Employment Trends CSV ⚠️ Prison & NEET Data CSV